Reimagining Global Citizenship Education with AI: Promoting Justice, Inclusion, and Digital Participation

Abstract

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is reshaping pedagogical approaches and redefining how learners engage with global issues, particularly within the context of Global Citizenship Education (GCE). This study explores the multifaceted role of AI in GCE by examining its potential to support inclusive learning, foster civic engagement, and raise critical ethical questions. Drawing on qualitative data from three distinct educational settings a secondary school, a non-formal youth program, and a university-based teacher training initiative this research identifies five core themes: personalized inclusion, participatory citizenship, algorithmic ethics, the mediating role of educators, and long-term educational transformation. Findings reveal that AI can serve as a powerful enabler of personalized and inclusive learning experiences, particularly for students from linguistically and socioeconomically diverse backgrounds. AI-driven simulations and interactive platforms were found to enhance students’ empathy and understanding of complex global challenges. However, significant concerns emerged around access disparities, algorithmic bias, and the cultural limitations of AI-curated content. Furthermore, the study highlights the central role of educators as ethical guides and cultural interpreters, whose critical engagement with AI significantly influences educational outcomes. This research underscores that AI in GCE must be implemented with intentionality, equity, and ethical awareness. Effective integration requires collaborative efforts among educators, technologists, policymakers, and learners to ensure that AI does not reinforce existing inequalities but rather supports the development of critically aware, ethically grounded global citizens. As AI continues to shape the educational landscape, its role in fostering reflective, inclusive, and socially just learning environments becomes ever more vital.