Mapping Inclusive Culture in Indonesian Education Settings: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20961/imscs.v3i1.1158Keywords:
inclusive culture, inclusive educationAbstract
This literature study reviews recent research on inclusive culture in Indonesian education to map key ideas, identify methodological patterns, and highlight gaps that need further study. The review used an interpretive approach and examines 14 open-access journal articles published between 2021 and 2025 in English and Indonesian, retrieved through Google Scholar. The articles were analysed using the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework and content analysis to classify methods, findings, and major themes.The PCC analysis have shown that research on inclusive culture involves school leaders, teachers, students, school communities, and institutional actors across early childhood, primary, secondary, and higher education settings. The studies focus on leadership, value-based education, program implementation, and cultural or religious perspectives. Four key themes appear: the crucial role of strategic leadership, the integration of inclusive values into curricula, the impact of targeted programs such as anti-bullying initiatives and teacher training, and ongoing structural challenges including stigma, limited resources, and insufficient teacher readiness.The review also finds that most publications rely on conceptual discussions rather than empirical evidence. Overall, the studies show that cultural, ethical, and religious frameworks strongly shape inclusive practices. The review concludes that stronger policy implementation, wider teacher training, and deeper community engagement are needed. Future research should prioritise fieldwork and comparative studies to better understand how inclusive culture can be applied across diverse Indonesian educational contexts
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