Literature Review : Pembelajaran IPA Bermuatan Etno-STEAM sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Kurikulum Merdeka
Keywords:
Berpikir Kreatif, Etnosains, STEAM, Etno-STEAM, Pembelajaran IPA, Kurikulum MerdekaAbstract
Abstract: Improving the quality of human resources through educational pathways starting from primary and secondary education to tertiary education is the key to being able to follow the development of the industrial revolution 4.0 through 21st Century skills. The paradigm change in the independent curriculum provides teachers and students with the freedom to explore knowledge and skills according to their profile. Pancasila students. The implementation of Ethnoscience-STEAM is one of the phenomenal learning approaches currently in an effort to realize contextual learning in an independent curriculum. This research aims to analyze Etno-STEAM research trends in empowering students' creative thinking abilities in science learning. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a descriptive qualitative approach through articles in the period 2019-2023. The results of the analysis show that: 1) The largest implementation of Ethnoscience-STEAM in science learning in Indonesia is integrated with a learning model that supports concept construction, 2) The complementary Ethnoscience and STEAM approaches are effectively applied in learning to improve 4C skills in the independent curriculum, 3) Learning design Ethnoscience and STEAM are designed and applied through learning tools, 4) ethno-STEM project-based learning is able to increase the average student's critical and creative thinking abilities.
Abstrak: Peningkatan kualitas SDM melalui jalur pendidikan dimulai dari pendidikan dasar dan menengah hingga ke perguruan tinggi merupakan kunci untuk mampu mengikuti perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0 melalui kecakapan Abad 21. Perubahan paradigma dalam kurikulum merdeka memberikan guru maupun peserta didik memiliki keleluasaan untuk mengeksplorasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan sesuai dengan profil Pelajar Pancasila. Implementasi Etnosains-STEAM menjadi salah satu pendekatan pembelajaran yang fenomenal saat ini dalam upaya merealisasikan pembelajaran di kurikulum merdeka yang bersifat kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tren penelitian Etno-STEAM dalam memberdayakan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada pembelajaran IPA. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui artikel dalam kurun waktu 2019-2023. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Implementasi Etnosains-STEAM pada pembelajaran IPA di Indonesia terbesar diintegrasikan dengan model pembelajaran yang mendukung konstruksi konsep, 2) Pendekatan Etnosains dan STEAM saling melengkapi efektif diterapkan dalam pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan keterampilan 4C pada kurikulum merdeka, 3) Desain pembelajaran Etnosains dan STEAM dirancang dan diaplikasikan melalui perangkat pembelajaran, 4) pembelajaran berbasis proyek etno-STEM mampu meningkatkan rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif siswa.
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