Forms of Hate Speech in the Comment Section of X Hasyimi Al-Hamdi’s Social Media Account

Abstract

The increase in interactions on social media has given rise to various phenomena, one of which is linguistic phenomena. Linguistic phenomena are also closely related to the freedom of users to openly express their ideas and opinions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the forms of hate speech in social media. Hate speech is analyzed using the theory of hate speech forms based on the 2015 National Police Chief Circular Letter explained by Subyantoro. Meanwhile, the social media that became the source of research data was the comment column of Muhammad Al-Hasyimi Al-Hamdi's social media account. Data was collected using wiretapping and recording techniques. Data was analyzed using a matching method with context as the determining factor. Then, the data was presented using an informal method with a verbal method. The results of the study found four forms of hate speech, namely insults, blasphemy, fake news, and provocation. Insults were the most common form of hate speech found. The dominance of insults indicates that identity-based attacks are more often carried out by degrading individuals or groups through harsh words, ridicule, or negative labels. Meanwhile, blasphemy shows a pattern of speech that targets sensitive religious aspects or beliefs, which can lead to potential horizontal conflicts. False news and provocation reveal the function of hate speech as a means of disinformation and a trigger for collective emotions, which, if left unchecked, has the potential to amplify social impacts.